Accounting Research Paper Outline
Introduction
Provide a brief background on the research topic (2-3 sentences): For example, “Revenue recognition is an important concept in financial accounting that helps define when revenue should be recorded by a company. There have been challenges and debates around revenue recognition standards over the years.”
State the research question/ objective of the paper: For example, “This research paper will examine the key changes introduced in the new revenue recognition standard issued by the FASB and IASB in 2014 and how it impacts revenue recognition practices and financial reporting for companies.”
Thesis statement: Clearly state the main argument or conclusion of the paper. For example, “While the new standard aims to provide a more structured and principles-based approach to revenue recognition, it also increases complexity and costs of implementation for many companies.”
Body
I. Review of previous/existing revenue recognition standards
Provide an overview of the existing accounting standards around revenue recognition prior to 2014 (e.g. ARB 43, SAB 101, EITF 00-21 etc. for US GAAP and IAS 18 and 11 for IFRS)
Highlight some of the limitations, challenges and inconsistencies of these standards in practice
Discuss industry-specific or transaction-specific scenarios where revenue recognition standards were not clear under previous guidelines
II. Key changes introduced in the new revenue recognition standard
Discuss the core principle of the new standard which is for revenue to be recognized when control of goods or services is transferred
Explain the 5-step model introduced to determine when and how much revenue should be recognized
Highlight other key changes such new guidance on contract costs, accounting for contract modifications etc.
Analyze some examples of how these changes will materially impact revenue recognition for certain industries or transactions
III. Impact of adopting the new standard
Discuss the expected initial costs and efforts required for companies to implement the new standard
Analyze how the financial statements and key metrics of companies are likely to be impacted in both the transition year and going forward
Highlight if certain industries/sectors are more heavily impacted than others based on their business models and operations
Consider some of the broader implications of new standard on financial reporting and corporate practices
Conclusion
Briefly summarize the key highlights and findings of the research
Restate the thesis
Recommendations or areas for future research
References
Accounting Research Paper Outline (continued)
This outline covers the overall structure, flow and key elements that should be included in a research paper on accounting standard – in this case related to revenue recognition standards. Some possible enhancements could include:
Adding sub-sections under each main body section to delve deeper into specific aspects. For example, under section II on key changes, have sub-sections to specifically discuss the 5-step model, treatment of contract costs etc.
Providing more context and examples to help explain accounting concepts clearly for a non-finance audience. Short 1-2 paragraph examples can illustrate application of standards.
Including statistical data, charts or tables where relevant to support discussion points. For example, estimated initial costs of implementation can refer to industry surveys.
Expanding the literature review section to critically analyze previous research studies on a particular topic to identify gaps and position this research.
Considering counter-arguments to address limitations or alternative perspectives when formulating the conclusions.
Following the style guide/requirements of the intended journal/publication for formatting aspects like in-text citations, references etc.
The key is to have a logical flow of ideas supported by relevant research. An effective outline helps the writer organize content systematically while keeping focus on the research objectives. The research needs to address ‘so what’ – by examining real implications and filling any gaps identified rather than just summarizing standards. This makes for an insightful accounting research paper that adds value.