The ACT Writing Test is an optional 40-minute section that requires test takers to analyze an issue and write a persuasive essay in response. Though it is optional, many colleges and universities still consider an applicant’s ACT Writing score when making admissions decisions. Doing well on the Writing section can help strengthen an application.
The ACT Writing Test always includes one prompt or essay topic for test takers to respond to. These prompts are designed to test a student’s ability to understand and evaluate complex issues and arguments, and then construct logical written responses through well-developed analysis and examples. Students are scored based on the content, organization, and style of their essays, as well as grammar, usage, and mechanics. Strong writing skills are crucial for college and career success.
While the specific topics covered in ACT Writing prompts vary, there are common types of questions and issues that frequently appear. Students should familiarly themselves with these common prompt styles and themes in order to effectively prepare for the ACT Writing section.
Policy/Issue Analysis Prompts
Many ACT Writing prompts will ask students to analyze two different policy proposals or approaches to an issue. Test takers must then compare the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, and determine which one is the superior solution based on reasoning and evidence provided in their written response.
Some examples of policy/issue analysis prompts include:
Analyze two solutions to an environmental issue such as pollution or climate change. Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of each approach.
Compare two different proposals for reforming the healthcare system. Which approach is likely to be more effective and why?
Discuss two funding models for the education system. Weigh the pros and cons of each option and determine the best alternative.
Being able to thoroughly analyze multiple sides of an issue, make logical comparisons, and take a clear stance is crucial for these types of prompts. Students should practice outlining similarities and differences between proposals, and using examples and data to support their position.
Causal Argument Prompts
Another common prompt style on the ACT Writing asks students to analyze the underlying causes of a problem or issue. Test takers must propose a causal chain of events or factors, and recommend a solution to ultimately remedy the problem based on the causes identified in their written analysis.
Sample causal argument prompts include:
Discuss some of the key factors contributing to rising income inequality in the U.S. What actions could be taken to help address this problem and why?
Analyze some of the major causes of increasing political polarization in America. Suggest approaches to potentially reduce polarization based on the root factors discussed.
Examine causes that have contributed to higher college costs over time. Propose a remedy to college affordability issues based on the causal analysis provided.
Strong causal analysis involves clearly outlining a logical chain of causes and effects, using specific examples and evidence. Developing credible solutions directly tied to the causes identified is also important for these types of prompts.
Value Judgment Prompts
Occasionally, ACT Writing will present a contentious issue and ask students to make a judgment on whether the actions or trends discussed are positively or negatively impacting society. Test takers must back up their value claim through well-reasoned analysis.
Some sample value judgment prompts include:
To what extent does increased social media usage enhance or detract from civic engagement and political participation? Support your claim.
Assess whether rising levels of economic inequality in recent decades have had a mostly positive or negative impact on American society overall. Defend your position.
Discuss the assertion that growing rates of single-parent households have weakened the traditional family structure in harmful ways. Do you agree or disagree? Justify your assessment.
Developing strong, coherent arguments to either defend or challenge value claims requires drawing clear conclusions and using concrete examples, facts, and logical analysis to substantiate one’s stance on such issues. Students should practice formulating and supporting opinionated arguments on controversial topics.
Essay Structure and Organization
Regardless of the specific prompt, all successful ACT Writing responses will require a clear introduction that previews one’s thesis, body paragraphs with topic sentences and examples to support the thesis, and a conclusion that restates the central argument. Proper formatting, spelling, grammar, and punctuation are also essential.
The introduction should outline the issue or question being addressed, and directly state one’s position upfront in a clear thesis statement. Each body paragraph must have a standalone topic sentence corresponding to a main point that substantiates the thesis. Supporting details and explanations are then provided through examples, facts, and analysis specifically connected back to the thesis.
The conclusion should not simply restate the thesis but refer back to the key supporting points raised, as well emphasize why the overall argument presented is the most valid perspective based on the evidence and reasoning showcased in the essay response as a whole. Proper transitions and cohesion between ideas are likewise important.
Preparing for Success
Dedicated practice analyzing prompts, outlining sample responses, and writing full essay drafts under timed conditions are among the most effective ways for students to get writing experience relevant to the ACT. Additionally, learning essay organization strategies, strengthening vocabulary, and honing sentence structure abilities contribute greatly to writing test readiness. Familiarizing oneself with the various ACT Writing prompt styles discussed above is also beneficial for demonstrating proficiency across the essay task. With the proper preparation methods, students can feel comfortable tackling any writing prompt that appears on test day.
Andrew Stroud