Introduction
This article provides an example outline for a research paper using American Psychological Association (APA) formatting style. The sample covers all of the key sections that should be included in an APA outline, including the title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, and references. Using proper formatting and organization can help you write a clear and cohesive paper that adheres to APA style guidelines.
Title Page
The title page should contain the title of the research paper, your name, the name of your institution, and the date submitted. Center this information at the top of the page.
Abstract
The abstract should be between 150-250 words and provide a brief overview of the research paper, including the research problem or question, participants, methods, results, and conclusions. Do not indent the first line of the abstract paragraph. The word “Abstract” should be centered at the top of the page without formatting (bold, italics, underlining).
Introduction
The introduction presents the problem that was investigated by the study. It provides background information and introduces the research problem or question. The introduction should end with a one sentence thesis statement indicating the hypothesis or purpose of the study.
Research Problem/Question
The research question or hypothesis should be clearly stated in one sentence at the end of the introduction paragraph.
Literature Review
Review 3-5 relevant sources that provide context and background to the research question/problem. Synthesize and critique the sources to show how they relate to the topic.
Method
The method section describes the overall research design used in the study as well as specific procedures for participant recruitment, data collection, and data analysis. The following subsections should be included:
Participants
Describe the characteristics of participants, including how many and important demographic factors. Specify how they were selected for participation.
Materials
List any materials, instruments, or other resources used to conduct the study such as surveys, questionnaires, computers. Cite sources in APA format.
Procedures
Provide a step-by-step description of the procedures used to collect and analyze data. Describe what participants did and the order in which research activities were performed.
Design
Identify the overall research design used such as experimental, correlational, qualitative. Specify whether it was between groups or within groups.
Results
Present the statistical analysis and main findings of the study without interpretation. Report key results using numerical data and direct quotes or paraphrases from participants. Present information in tables and figures as needed for clarity.
Discussion
In the discussion section, interpret and explain the significance of the results by connecting them to the research questions and any hypotheses. Discuss how the results relate to previous research and present limitations and implications for future research. The discussion should end by summarizing the main findings and conclusions that can be drawn from the study.
References
The reference section lists all sources cited in APA format, organized alphabetically by author last name. Only include references that are actually cited. Format reference entries consistently.
Conclusion
This sample outline provides the key elements for structuring a typical APA style research paper. It offers a general overview and organization of content to include in each section. Individual research assignments may call for additional details or content depending on the specific research problem or question. An APA formatted outline can help establish a solid structure for developing a clear and well-written paper that conforms to APA style guidelines.