The American Psychological Association (APA) has specific guidelines for formatting action research papers. While the general structure and components of an APA paper remain the same, there are some key elements that are unique to action research projects. This article will outline the proper APA formatting for an action research paper, including:
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Method Section
Results Section
Discussion Section
References
Appendices
Title Page
The title page should follow general APA formatting guidelines. It should include a running head, page number, title of the paper centered, student name, and institution affiliation. The title should be concise yet descriptive of the research question and purpose. It is recommended to keep the title to 12 words or less.
Abstract
The abstract provides a brief summary of the entire paper. It should be between 150-250 words and include the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions of the study. The abstract is always written in one paragraph, without indentations or citations. It presents an overview of the research problem, methods, significant findings or trends, and possible implications.
Introduction
The introduction provides context and rationale for the action research project. It establishes the problem or issue being addressed through research. Include relevant background information and the general purpose and significance of the study. The research question/hypothesis should be clearly stated at the end of the introduction. Support claims with credible sources cited appropriately using APA style parenthetical citations and references.
Method Section
The method section details how the study was conducted. Describe the research design and methodology. Include the following subsections:
Participants: Describe the participants in the study, including how many and relevant demographics. State how they were selected or recruited.
Materials: Identify any materials, measures, questionnaires, or instruments used to collect data. Provide details on development and validation if researcher-created.
Procedures: Give a step-by-step description of the procedures and methodology used to answer the research question. Explain exactly what was done, in what sequence or order.
Data Analysis: Specify the procedures used to analyze the raw data collected. Describe statistical or qualitative analysis techniques.
Results Section
The results section presents the outcome of data analysis techniques applied to the raw data. Report results in a clear, logical order that aligns with the research questions and hypotheses. Use tables and figures to display statistical results but interpret them in text as well. Do not discuss or interpret results here, only report objective findings.
Discussion Section
In this section, summarize and interpret the results and discuss their relevance and implication. Discuss how the results answered or did not answer the research question. Comment on whether findings support or contradict previous research. Address limitations and issues that may impact generalization. Suggest recommendations based on findings and areas for future research. Relate results back to the introduction and rationale.
References
Include a complete reference list of all in-text citations formatted according to APA style guidelines. Only include sources directly cited in the paper. List references alphabetically by author’s last name.
Appendices
Any supplemental materials can be included as appendices after the reference list. Common appendices include raw data, detailed calculations or analysis procedures, screenshots, diagrams, questionnaires, or transcripts. Appendices are optional but valuable for transparency.
Following these APA formatting guidelines will ensure an action research paper is presented professionally and coherently according to commonly accepted standards in educational research. Adhering to the style manual promotes clarity, credibility, and consistency to benefit readers. Students can consult the APA Publication Manual or online resources for examples and guidance in setting up the components of an action research project report using APA format.