The research section is an important component of any paper written in APA style. It should provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the relevant academic literature surrounding the topic being discussed. This section demonstrates to readers that you have thoroughly reviewed existing scholarly works and have selected appropriate sources to support your thesis statement.
Proper formatting and structure are key when writing the research section of an APA paper. It should always be labeled “Method” even if no actual research method was employed. When introducing this section, clearly state the purpose and goals of the literature review. Provide a brief overview of the types of sources examined (e.g. peer-reviewed journal articles, books, online reports).
APA recommends using a narrative literature review structure rather than an annotated bibliography format. Go beyond merely citing and summarizing each source individually. Weave them together chronologically or thematically. Identify common findings and relationships between studies. Point out any gaps, inconsistencies, or areas needing further research. Maintain an objective, critical perspective on the existing body of work.
Citations should follow basic APA formatting rules. In-text citations consist of author’s last name, publication year, and page number if relevant enclosed in parentheses. For direct quotes, also include the page number. References are listed alphabetically by author surname at the end of the paper. For every in-text citation, there must be a corresponding reference list entry and vice versa. Some key citation tips:
When paraphrasing or referring to an idea from multiple sources, cite them all in one parenthetical with “and” separating the authors.
For sources with 3+ authors, cite all authors the first time, then use “et al.” in subsequent citations.
Include the year for every in-text citation even if the source is undated.
References must be double spaced and have a hanging indent. Arrange entries alphabetically by authors’ last names.
For sources found online, cite the URL or DOI number. Check with instructor preferences regarding archived versus live web addresses.
Proper structure is vital for the research section. Each paragraph should start with a topic sentence clearly communicating the main point. Flow logically from broad introductions to more specific discussions. When transitioning between ideas, use phrases like “Furthermore,…” and “Similarly,…” to create cohesion.
Vary sentence structure to maintain reader engagement. Occasionally incorporate well-chosen quotes to punctuate major themes. When directly quoting sources, be sure to introduce the quote in your own words before and after to show relevance. Keep quotes concise – only use extended excerpts sparingly when truly necessary.
The research section forms the foundation for your own analysis and positions. Avoid simply restating facts and summarize only key details. Comment on reliability and any limitations or weaknesses of sources. Note connections between sources, especially those that support or oppose each other’s assertions.
Most importantly, critique the literature and identify the gaps. Where are inconsistencies that require further investigation? What areas remain unexplored? Frame your own research questions and hypotheses around these missing pieces. Do not be afraid to respectfully question conclusions drawn if evidence does not seem fully conclusive.
Thoroughly researching the literature surrounding your topic demonstrates diligence and grounds your analysis in existing knowledge. An effective APA literature review thoughtfully evaluates the state of current scholarly understanding. With proper structure and citation, this section shows readers you have consulted credible sources and established context to support your own focused inquiry.