Creating an outline for an argumentative research paper can make the writing process much simpler. An outline helps you develop a logical flow of ideas for your paper and organize supporting evidence and research. Most outlines follow a standard format that makes them easy for readers to follow as well. Here are some examples of outlines for argumentative research papers:
I. Argumentative Research Paper Outline Introduction
The introduction of an argumentative essay should include a clear, concise thesis statement that establishes your position on the topic. The first paragraph should provide context and background on the issue and connect it to a general audience. The thesis statement usually goes at the end of the introductory paragraph. Here is an example:
Context on the issue and why it matters
Background information to set up your argument
Thesis: Despite some arguments to the contrary, increasing taxes on sugary drinks is an effective way to curb obesity and improve public health.
II. Argumentative Research Paper Outline Body Paragraph 1
The first body paragraph will focus on the first key point or main reason why your thesis is correct. It should have a topic sentence that clearly presents the main idea of the paragraph and is related to your overall argument. Include at least two pieces of evidence, such as relevant data, stats, or quotes, to support the topic sentence. Here is an example body paragraph:
Topic sentence: There is clear evidence that consuming sugary drinks contributes to weight gain and obesity.
Evidence or data from a scientific study showing correlation between soda intake and body weight
Data from the CDC on rising obesity rates and how many empty calories come from sugary drinks each day
III. Argumentative Research Paper Outline Body Paragraph 2
The second body paragraph addresses your second main point in defense of your thesis. Like the first, it requires a clear topic sentence that presents the main idea followed by evidence to back it up. Here is an example:
Topic sentence: Raising taxes on sugary drinks has proven effective in reducing consumption in other areas where it has been implemented.
Data from Berkeley, California showing drop in sugary drink purchases after tax went into effect
Examples of similar tax policies working to curb alcohol and tobacco use over time
IV. Argumentative Research Paper Outline Body Paragraph 3
The third body paragraph covers your final major point supporting your thesis. Again, it includes a topic sentence stating the main idea and relevant supporting details to strengthen the overall argument. Here is an example:
Topic sentence: The tax revenue generated could fund obesity prevention programs and health initiatives.
Projections from studies on how much tax revenue a sugary drink tax could generate locally and nationally
Examples of initiatives the additional funds could support, such as nutrition education or public health campaigns
V. Argumentative Research Paper Outline Counterargument Paragraph
A good argument considers the other side, so an outline should include addressing at least one counterargument to demonstrate you understand opposing viewpoints. This paragraph needs a topic sentence acknowledging the counterargument and then refutes it with evidence. An example counterargument paragraph:
Topic sentence: While some argue that imposing new taxes unfairly burdens lower-income individuals, data shows that a sugary drink tax does not unduly impact lower earners.
Study findings that consumption patterns are similar across income levels and that alternatives like water are affordable
How tax revenue could support initiatives benefitting all income groups like improved access to healthcare
VI. Argumentative Research Paper Outline Conclusion
The conclusion should not introduce new evidence but rather wrap up the key points made in the body paragraphs in support of the thesis statement. It is a strong reminder of why your position is correct based on the supporting details. Here is a sample conclusion:
Restate thesis and main reasons why it is true based on evidence presented
Summary of how sugary drink taxes are proven to reduce consumption without unduly burdening low incomes
Call to action on implementing such a policy to improve health and potentially fund related programs
Using an outline like this provides the overall logical structure and ensures all key components are included when writing the full argumentative research paper. Detailing each major section in the outline in advance helps writes stay organized and on point.