Creating a strong sample or example is crucial when writing a research paper. The sample gives readers a tangible example of the type of research, analysis and writing they can expect from the full paper. It also allows writers to workshop their ideas and receive feedback before investing significant time in a full paper. Here are some tips for crafting an effective sample:
Choose a focused topic. The most effective samples zero in on a specific research question or sub-topic rather than trying to cover too broad of a topic. For example, rather than just focusing on “healthcare policy,” choose one element like “the impact of Medicaid expansion on rural hospitals.” Staying focused makes the analysis and writing more in-depth.
Review existing literature. Before diving into original research and analysis, take time to review what relevant scholarship and peer-reviewed sources already exist on the topic. Make note of major theories, viewpoints, case studies or pieces of data discussed. This research forms the foundation for effectively analyzing and positioning the new research or argument. Allow at least a few hours to conduct a literature review.
Formulate a clear thesis. At the center of any good research paper or sample is a strong, focused thesis statement. This directly answers the research question and states an arguable claim or position. For example, a thesis could be “This study finds that Medicaid expansion led to a 15% decrease in rural hospital closures from 2014 to 2017 in expansion states.” The thesis guides the analysis and scope.
Include background and context. Give readers enough context to fully understand the topic, issues, existing research and importance of the sample research. One to two paragraphs of background is usually sufficient for a condensed sample. Provide any needed definitions, explanations of concepts or descriptions of related events.
Analyze and interpret sources. The bulk of the sample should involve analyzing and interpreting sources as they relate to the thesis. Paraphrase, summarize and synthesize key perspectives or findings from two to three relevant sources into 2-3 paragraphs. Directly quote or cite sources to support specific claims or data. Explain how sources align with or differ from each other and relate back to the thesis.
Draw evidence-based conclusions. One concluding paragraph should restate the main findings and their importance or implications based on the analysis. Draw definitive conclusions supported by evidence from sources rather than just raising more questions. For example, conclude that “This research provides strong evidence to support expanding Medicaid to increase access to care in rural communities.”
Follow formatting guidelines. Check the specific formatting instructions for the research paper, such as citation style, font, margins, page headers and required sections. Apply those consistently to the sample. Things like in-text citations, headers and bibliographies in the sample will signal understanding of mechanics.
Proofread for coherence and typos. Allow time to step away and then return with a critical eye to proofread and refine the sample. Check for logical flow between paragraphs, clarity of wording, correct citations or data and freedom from typos or grammatical errors before submission. soliciting feedback.
Solicit instructor/peer feedback. With an instructor’s permission, distribute samples to the professor and other classmates for review before finalizing the research paper. Incorporate suggestions to further improve the quality, flow, analysis or organization. Incorporate at least one substantive revision based on feedback received.
Following these tips can help writers create a research paper sample packing with clear analysis, coherent organization and showcase of research skills to give instructors confidence in their ability to successfully complete the larger paper assignment. An effective sample also allows refinement before a major investment of time in the full paper.