The Modern Language Association (MLA) style is commonly used for researching and formatting papers in humanities and liberal arts subjects such as English, literature, cultural studies, philosophy, and languages. When creating an outline for a research paper using MLA style, there are a few key elements to keep in mind regarding formatting, layout, and structure.
The basic MLA outline format entails using Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.) to identify the main headers and letters (A, B, C, etc.) to identify sub-headers. The outline should provide a hierarchical structure and logical flow of ideas in a series of relevant topics. It demonstrates how the paper’s overall argument or thesis will be supported by concrete evidence and analysis throughout discrete sections and sub-sections.
Crafting an MLA outline with effective scaffolding helps organize research, guide writing, and allows for smooth integration of source material into the final paper. The outline should give an overview of what is to come without going into excessive detail. Some core components to incorporate are:
I. Introduction
A. Hook to grab reader’s attention
B. Thesis statement
C. Brief overview of topics to be covered
II. Body
A. Main point #1
1. Sub-point regarding main point #1
2. Evidence/example to support sub-point #1
B. Main point #2
1. Sub-point tied to main point #2
2. Analysis of how sub-point relates to thesis
C. Main point #3
III. Conclusion
A. Summary of main points covered
B. Reiterate thesis
C. Final comment or takeaway for reader
The introduction outlines the key areas that will be addressed, including the thesis. The body is where the bulk of argument and analysis take place across multiple paragraphs or sections. Each main point in the outline relates directly back to proving or disproving the thesis. The conclusion wraps everything up in a concise manner by synthesizing what was covered.
Additional considerations when crafting an MLA outline:
Use active voice as much as possible (“the study found” vs. “it was found”)
Include anticipated source types (e.g. “Smith, article”) when relevant ideas are attributed
List source titles in italics with publication details in parentheses for books or periodicals if known
Indent sub-points for clear hierarchical flow
Number pages if outline extends beyond a single page
Leave space for potential additions or rearrangement as research progresses
Include tentative word counts to stay within range (MLA recommends 1500-2500)
Consult updated MLA style manual (9th edition released in 2021) as needed
When writing the outline itself, balance structure with flexibility. Some components or details may shift as research reveals new connections or additional sources come to light. Outlines allow for adaptation while also enforcing discipline in topic development. Well thought-out MLA paper outlines ensure cohesion and logical flow before beginning the actual drafting process.