The Modern Language Association (MLA) format is commonly used for outlining research papers in the humanities, including English, foreign languages, literature, cultural studies and related fields. An MLA outline typically follows a simple three part structure of an introduction, body, and conclusion. Within each section are specific guidelines for crafting and formatting the outline.
The introductory section should have 1-3 introductory paragraphs. The opening paragraph should introduce the overall topic being discussed and provide necessary context and background information. It may mention the key points or topics that will be covered. A clear thesis statement outlining the purpose or central argument of the paper is also included in the introduction. The second paragraph may further define key terms or concepts. The third paragraph can outline the structure and organization of the paper.
The body of the outline consists of the main arguments, points, or topics being discussed that substantiate the thesis statement. Each main point is a roman numeral. Subpoints are indented and labeled with capital letters. Further subdivisions are indented an additional half inch and use Arabic numerals. Each body paragraph typically covers one main point and its supporting subpoints in a thorough yet concise manner. Appropriate research evidence, data, examples, quotes or paraphrased information are integrated into each paragraph to strengthen the argument.
The conclusion should summarize the key points without simply restating them. It should reinforce and reiterate the central thesis or argument established in the introduction in light of the evidence and discussion presented. The conclusion may also provide implications, address limitations, or suggest areas for further research.
In addition to structuring the content, the MLA format also has guidelines for formatting the outline itself. The entire paper, including the outline, should be double spaced with 1-inch margins on all sides. Each main point begins on a new line and is flush with the left margin. Subpoints are indented 0.5 inches. Further subpoints are indented an additional 0.5 inches. Outline pages are numbered consecutively in the top right header starting with page 2. Page 1 is the title page.
Main points are designated with roman numerals, either centered or flush left. Capital letters are used for subpoints aligned beneath the corresponding roman numeral. First level subpoints are non-indented. Lower level subpoints are further indented and use Arabic numerals in parentheses. For example:
I. Main Point 1
Copy
A. Subpoint 1
1. Further subpoint
2. Further subpoint
B. Subpoint 2
II. Main Point 2
And so on. An outline may also include a title centered at the top of page 1 summarizing the overall research topic. The researcher’s name, course information and date are centered below the title separated by line spaces. Page numbers are placed at the top right header 0.5 inches from the top edge.
Using a consistent format helps organize content and structure the ideas in a logical flow. An effective MLA outline arranges points coherently to support the thesis while integrating credible research evidence. Revising and refining the outline as research progresses allows for modifications to improve clarity and argumentation. It serves as a foundation for crafting the first draft of the research paper. Following standard MLA outlining guidelines ensures any audience can easily understand the structure and framework being presented.