A formal research paper is a common academic assignment at the college level. The research paper format consists of an introduction, body, and conclusion. While papers will differ in specific sections and organization, most formal research papers follow the same general outline. Here are the key elements and general format to follow:
Title Page – The title page should contain the title of the paper, the author’s name, the course name and number, the instructor’s name, and the submission date. Make sure to format the title page according to your instructor’s requirements.
Abstract – The abstract is a brief summary of the research paper. The abstract should be about 150-250 words that describes the paper’s purpose, scope, and key conclusions. Some guidelines for the abstract are: write it in a single paragraph, don’t include information not mentioned in the paper, and reference it the same way as you would cite the paper in-text.
Introduction – The introduction should be 2-3 paragraphs in length and provide an introduction to the research paper topic. In the introduction, clearly state the paper’s purpose upfront with a thesis statement. Provide background information and context before transitioning into the body.
Body Paragraphs – Each body paragraph needs to flow logically from the previous ones. The main takeaways for body paragraphs are: stay focused on analyzing the research topic, include well-integrated and cited evidence to support assertions, and transition smoothly between ideas. Formal research papers typically have 3-5 body paragraphs to sufficiently cover the topic.
Conclusion – The conclusion should summarize the main topic and purpose of the paper. It should restate the thesis and convey the significance of the findings without introducing new information. Leave the reader with a clear understanding of your position supported by evidence from the body. A conclusion is usually 1-2 paragraphs.
References/Citations – References are required for any facts or quotes that are not common knowledge. Use in-text citations and a reference page to give credit to sources. The format depends on the style guide (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.) required by your instructor. Be consistent in citing sources correctly throughout.
Formatting – Follow specific page layout guidelines. Use either 1-inch margins, 10-12 point font in Times New Roman or Calibri, and double-space the document. Number pages at the bottom and organize sections using visually clear headings and subheadings in bold or italics. Consider adding images or tables if appropriate but make sure to cite properly.
Proofreading – Carefully proofread the paper before submitting for errors in spelling, grammar, punctuation, consistency, and flow. Have someone else proofread as well to catch anything you may have missed. Small errors detract from the overall professional quality of the paper. Take this final step seriously.
Following the structure outlined provides organization and establishes credibility for formal research papers. Varying content will address the specific research topic and assignment. Adhering to the general format ensures cohesion while properly attributing cited sources. Quality research requires quality reporting of findings through academic writing. With practice, students can learn to produce high-caliber formal papers meeting scholarly standards.